2 THE NATURE OF THINGS
as such - in or by its nature; considered alone; (in) itself [also means in that capacity or function]
to consist of - to be made (up) of; to be composed of; to comprise
in itself - standing or taken alone or separately; viewed or considered by itself as a thing isolated or apart from other things
in the nature of - being similar in type or character to; rather like
in (its) own right - because of what it is as such or in itself and independent of any other relationship
in the shape of - specifically; in the form of; in particular; namely (followed by details of something general)
of (its) own accord - spontaneously; as a result of ones's own action, will or decision and not because of some outside influence or action

3 CONNECTION
according to - following; corresponding to; in relation to; as said by; depending on
in accordance with - following the terms or requirements of; (acting) in conformity with; as stated by; in line with
as to - about; regarding
(got) to do with - connected with; related to
hand in hand - working together or as a team; in conjunction with; as a complement to
in conjunction (with) - operation, functioning, working, acting or planning together; in collaboration
in connection (with) - about, concerning, relation or relevant to
to refer to - to have connection with; to direct attention to [also means to formally transfer from one authority to another]
in terms of - by taking as an example of; concerning; with regard to
on behalf of - as representative or spokesman for
(in) touch with - in contact by the spoken or written word
to be in touch - to be in contact
to get in touch - to make contact
to keep or stay in touch - to continue contact
to lose touch - to lose contact
out of touch - not in contact
with regard to - concerning; regarding; in connection with; in terms of; referring to

4 CAUSE AND EFFECT
to arise from - to originate from; to be due to; to be caused by
to bring about - to cause; to make (something) happen; to give rise to
to give rise to - to cause; to bring about
to have an effect or impact on - to affect; to influence
to result in - to be (or have as) the result [Note: to result from means to be (or have as) the cause]
to stem from - to originate from; to be caused by
to trigger off - to cause or bring about (an important or serious effect, often negative, sudden or violent) [also to spark off; to touch off]

5 PRIORITIES
above all (else) - most importantly (of all)
all important - most important; urgent or necessary
first and foremost - firstly and most important
(the) first step - the first stage, or part, of some process or series of actions
last but not least - introducing the next item on the list, which, although the last, is not less important than the others
to take (first) place - to be (the most) important; to have (top) priority

6 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVE
to aim at - to plan to, or to try to, reach or hit an objective, goal or target
the aim of the exercise - the purpose or objective of this activity, which may not immediately be clear or apparent [also the point or object of the exercise]
to arrange (for) - to fix or make practical plans for something to happen or to be done
game plan - carefully thought out general strategy for achieving a target and the tactics and methods to be used
to go ahead - to make progress; to move forward; to start or continue from a static or waiting position
to go for (it) - to be very enthusiastic and positive in feeling and action, usually about some specific thing or goal [informal]
in order to - with the purpose or aim of doing or causing smth; so as to
to make up one's mind - to decide
a means to an end - way or method of getting to an objective
on purpose - not by accident or chance, but by or with some intention; deliberately
to put together - to assemble or fit together pieces or parts to make a whole
to set up - to establish; to found; to organize; to put in a position or condition to operate; to begin doing or making; to arrange
to tackle - to take firm direct and positive action in dealing with a threat or obstacle
to take action (on) - to act, either in response to or as a result of circumstances, or some decision; to deal with
to take steps - to take a series of actions towards a specific objective
to take the initiative - to be the first to make a move, forcing others to react accordingly
with a view to - with the aim, purpose or object of (doing) smth [also with an eye to]

7 FOCUSING
to come to the point - to arrive directly at the focus, or most important part, of a speaking or writing activity
the fact of the matter is (that) (emphatic) the truth is; the most important thing is
to focus on - to concentrate on; to direct one hundred per cent attention to
to get down to business - to begin to talk seriously; to tackle the real or important matter(s)
to get to the bottom of - to find the cause of, or the answer to, a problem or question
hard facts - definite or specific facts which can be proved, checked or examined (in contrast to mere rumour, opinions, general statements or hopes)
in contrast to (or with) - different from; distinct from; opposite to
in fact - the truth, or reality, is that; really; truly
in reality - to be absolutely correct; really; actually
in (this) respect - focusing on only (one of) a number of factors; considering this factor in isolation
a matter of - a factor likely to be influential; a situation, matter, issue, thing, question, problem or topic which is most important or on which smth depends [also a question of]
to spotlight - to put special focus or attention on (a person or thing)
to zero in on - to identify and concentrate on some target

8 TIME
ahead of time (or schedule) - earlier than arranged, expected or planned [Note: opposite in meaning to behind time (or schedule)]
at first - originally; in the first instance; at/in the beginning; to start with; at the time of starting
at once - immediately; very soon; right away
as yet - up to now; up to the time of speaking; so far
at (or from) the outset - at, from or shortly after some starting point; or from the first or early stages
for the time being - temporarily; for the moment
in the course of - during; while; while being done
in future - starting from this (or that) time; from now (or then) on
in the future - at or during some future time
in the long run - eventually; over or after a long time
in the long (short or medium) term - thinking, looking or planning from now into the future
in the meantime - meanwhile, for the time being
in a moment - shortly; very soon; almost immediately
in time - soon or early enough; not too late; at or before the right time
to look forward to - to think about some future time or event with positive, good feelings
moment of truth - the final and unavoidable point of crisis, change, confrontation or decision
on time - exactly at the right time, not late
right (or straight) away - now; immediately; at once
so far - up to now; as yet
time out - a pause or interval during some activity

9 QUANTITIES
to amount to - to total; to mean; to result in
and so on - and other similar details; et cetera
as a whole - taken or considered all together; in aggregate
at all - to any, or to some, extent or degree; in any way
at least - to this minimum extent or amount or degree (and perhaps more)
at (the) most - up to (but certainly not more than) a given maximum
at the outside - as the highest estimate [also means at the most]
to average out at - to calculate or be calculated as an average
to be exact - to be more precise; to define exactly or accurately
give or take - more or less (by an approximate amount) than a certain amount
a good (or great) deal of - much; a lot of (+ uncountable noun)
in (the) aggregate - when totalled; considered together (not individually); taken as a whole
in all - in total; altogether; all told
in (or of) all shapes and sized - (being) of many or various different kinds, types, forms, measurements or descriptions
in excess of - more than
in full - completely; fully; totally; with nothing left out
more or less - approximately; virtually; to a slightly bigger or smaller extent, amount or degree (than)
on average - taking an amount or figure which represents the combined total of a given number of units (x) divided by the total number of units (y)
on a (large) scale - in (large) numbers; at a (high) level; to a(n) (great) extent
or so - approximately; about; roughly; more or less; give or take

10 POSITION AND MOVEMENT
back and forth - movement from one position to another, before returning to the first position again, usually again and again regularly [also backwards and forwards and to and fro]
every other (or every second) - in a sequence, with the focus on the second, fourth, sixth and so on
in lieu (of) - instead (of)
in place of - instead of; as a replacement
in turn - in sequence; one after another; according to some pattern of events [also means reciprocally]
to vary from � to (or between) - to fluctuate between certain given limits [also to range from � to]

11 DEGREES OF DIFFICULTY AND PROBABILITY
at will - as or when one pleases; without restriction or limit
for sure - this is certain; there is no doubt
in all probability - most probably; more certain than not; in all likelihood
in any case - in any event; whatever happens; anyway
it's as simple as that - the fact is so clear that no further reason or explanation is required
no problem - this is simple; without difficulty or inconvenience [informal]
of course - this is natural or to be expected
to rule out - to forbid or prohibit the possibility; to consider as impossible
a safe bet - almost one hundred percent certain [informal]
to stand to - to be in a position where, if and when an event takes place, some advantage or disadvantage is likely to occur [also to stand a chance]
to take place - to happen; to occur

12 EFFECTIVE METHODS
to allow for - to take into consideration or account
better safe than sorry - it is better to be too careful than to take risks
bit by bit - in small pieces or stages; gradually
to carry out - to fulfill; to perfom; to complete or finish successfully
to check over - to look at carefully and efficiently in order to find out if there are any problems or mistakes
a dry (or dummy) run - an experiment or trial of a machine or project under realistic (but not real) conditions
in depth - completely and in detail; not superficially
in detail - with every part, detail or item mentioned or included
the ins and outs (of) - all the details
to keep an eye on - to watch carefully; to guard, in case of some (stated or unstated) risk or possibility
to look into - to investigate; to examine carefully; to inquire
to make sure (or certain) - to ensure; to check or verify [also means to cause or make smth inevitable]
to plan (or think) ahead - to prepare for the future; to make calculated future arrangements
to take care (not) (to) - to make sure/certain of (not) doing smth
to think out - to plan or consider carefully, in depth, in every aspect, especially smth to be decided now which may be of future importance
to try out - to test or use (smth or smo) for a trial period

13 INEFFECTIVE METHODS
(at) random - without specific aim; unsystematic
(by) trial and error - finding the right method or solution by the primitive process of making changes in measurements or calculations until finally there are no errors
to cut corners - to follow a quick but risky route to an objective, especially by not performing all the usual stages of some process
hit and miss - unsystematic; random; relying on chance; not property thought out or carried out
the line (or path) of least resistance - the easiest (though probably not the best) way or course of action [same as to take the easy way out]
(a) short cut - a quicker way or method than usual of reaching an objective, by not following the usual way, pattern or procedure
(a) soft option - an easier, less inconvenient (and generally less effective) method or course of action than others available or possible
to take (a) chance(s) (on) - to try to do, or to take action on smth, knowing that there is a possibility of negative results; to run (a) rik(s)
to take the easy way out (of) - to avoid dealing directly with a problem, difficulty or situation by taking some other action [same as to take the line of least resistance]
to take risks or to run the risk of - to follow a course of action, knowing that it may lead to negative results; to take (a) chance(s)

14 PROGRESS
all systems go - to be in a condition or attitude of total readiness to go ahead
to break new ground - to enter a new area of discovery or knowledge; to be a pioneer
to break the ice - to do or say smth to ease tensions between people; to start to create a more sociable, relaxed atmosphere, usually on first meeting [icebreaking]
to break through - to make sudden, positive progress by pushing through a seen or unseen barrier or obstacle [breakthrough]
to come up with - to create; devise; produce; find
to forge ahead - to make very good or rapid progress against all resistance; to develop or improve quickly
to get to (or to reach) first base (with) - to complete the first step of a series of stages towards some objective [to get past/beyond first base]
to make headway - to make progress in a particular direction, in spite of any problems or difficulties
to make progress - to move forward; to advance or to improve from some actual or imaginary starting point towards some actual or abstract objective
to open doors (for) - to prepare the ground for some future development; to create possibilities or opportunities; to break through obstacles [to pave the way (for)]
(a) step (forward) - positive movement towards an objective or improvement
to take shape - to progress from some general or uncertain theory, idea or plan towards smth with definite shape or form (but not yet completed)
to take (a) step - to take some particular action

15 PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
all or nothing - to be or to be aiming at one hundred per cent of smth, the only alternative being zero per cent
back against the wall - in a very difficult position; with few or no choices as to what action to take
to complete against - to try to beat or to oppose in competition
to cope (with) - to manage a problem; to deal successfully with a difficulty
to cut one's losses - to end or withdraw from a bad situation which can only get worse [loss-cutting]
(a) drawback - a disadvantage
to face up to - to accept smth difficult or unpleasant and confront it
in the (or as a) last resort - the only real or remaining answer or possibility when every factor or possibility has been examined, considered or tried
(a) long shot - an attempt which is unlikely to succeed
to make do (with) - to manage with or accept smth which is less than one wants or needs, because there is no other choice
make or break - to be the cause or instrument of success or failure
on the blink - not working properly; needing servicing or repair
to run (or come or be) up against - to be, or arrive, at a position where positive progress or forward movement is, or may be, blocked
to save the situation - to find an answer to a serious problem [to save the day, to save (or lose) face]
a snap (decision) - a decision taken quickly, often in response to an urgent situation, where not enough time is given to weigh up all relevant factors and possible results
the tip of the iceberg - the small, visible, part of smth much larger, the greater part of which cannot be seen [often used with negative meaning]
without fail - this is one hundred per cent sure or necessary
worth (doing) or worth it or worthwhile - likely to pay useful dividends in return for time or effort spent

16 POSITIVE RESULTS
to bear fruit - to produce a result
(the) end product - the final result, after completion of some process or a series of actions
for sale - on the market and available, or open, to offers to buy
in the black - operating in credit, in profit, or with a (cash) surplus; with (current) assets in axcess of (current) liabilities
to make a profit - to sell smth for more than it costs to produce [opposite in meaning to to make a loss] [profit-making]
to make money - to get, obtain or gain money through some activity [opposite in meaning to to lose money] [money-maker]
to make � work - to put and keep smth in satisfactory working order or condition, to make smth operative
to pay dividends - to produce good results
to pay (one's) way - to produce enough money to cover or pay one's operating or running expenses
to pull off - to carry out successfully, using skill and/or persistence, in spite of all difficulties
to take effect - to become effective or operational in fact; to have, or show, the (intended) result of some plan or action

17 NEGATIVE RESULTS
to be (or go) out of action - to not work or operate; to fail to function or to stop working/operating/functioning
to break down - to fail; to collapse; to stop [also means to destroy]
(a) dead end - a path going nowhere; a direction or course from which there is no exit or which results in no progress [dead-end can be used as a noun]
dud - not performing the required or expected function; ineffective in result or effect
to go dead (on) - to stop working, responding or developing
to go wrong - to make a mistake; to miscalculate or misjudge; to develop negative characteristics
in the red - operationg in debit, at a loss, or with a (cash) deficit; with (current) liabilities in excess of (current) assets
in vain - unsuccessfully; without reaching one's objective; with no result
to make a loss - to sell smth for less than its production cost [opposite in meaning to to make a profit] [loss-making]
to pay the penalty (or price) for - to suffer the negative result of one's actions
to reach a stalemate - (in negotiation, etc) to arrive at a position where no progress can be made, where neither side can win or lose [also to reach a deadlock]
to be (or to fall) short of - to be less than needed, wanted or expected; to lack smth; to not be enough [shortfall]
to take the consequences - to accept the (negative) results of some (risky or foolish) action
(a) vicious circle - a negative situation in which any action leads only to further negative results

18 TACTICS
to back down - to show a marked change of attitude or position, from being in confrontation to being passive, neutral or accepting; to withdraw
to back out (of) - to fail to carry out (or to withdraw from) some promise, arrangement, agreement or obligation
to break off - to end suddenly [also means to pause in speaking or working]
to keep (one's) options open - to decide against taking any firm decision now, in favour of keeping a free choice for later
to lay (it) on the line - to speak clearly and frankly; to make one's position obvious [also to spell (it) out]
to mean business - to be serious or determined in executing some intention; to be purposeful
to play ball (with) - to cooperate or negotiate with a view to doing business or reaching some agreement [informal]
to put (the) pressure on - to try to improve one's position by use of persistence, forcefulness or threats
to rely on - to depend on; to trust
to soften up - to reduce resistance or to weaken opposition or hostility in order to achieve an objective more easily
to stand (or stick) out for - to be firmly decided not to accept less than one wants, even if it means waiting for it [also to hold out for]
to take a (firm) line (or stand) on/over - to show a (determined) intention, attitude or approach
to take (someone) out of - to use argument or discussion to persuade someone not to do smth
to take (someone) round - to persuade someone to change an attitude, intention or decision [also means to avoid speaking directly about smth]
to withdraw (from) - to leave or move away from an unsatisfactory or dangerous situation [withdrawal]

19 ATTITUDES OPINIONS AND DISCUSSION
to argue against - to oppose with logic [opposite in meaning to to argue in favour of]
to be against - to oppose; to be opposed or contrary to [opposite in meaning to to be for or to be in favour of]
the ball is in (your) court - it's up to (you) to take action; the next step is for (you) to take; (we) await your next move
to change (one's) mind - to change a decision or opinion
the facts speaks for themselves - the known facts of a situation clearly show the answers to any questions about them
to get across (to) - to communicate; to make clear; to reach
to get (one's) priorities (right) - to choose the (correct) order of priorities, values, actions according to circumstances
to (have) an open mind - to be mentally flexible, to be ready and able to receive, process and (if necessary) adapt to new or opposing ideas or views [open-minded]
in (my) opinion - take the view that; my skill or experience leads me to believe that [also in my view]
to insist on - to press or impose one's actions, wishes or views on others [insistence on]
to make (one's) point - to succeed in making understood the logic or sence of an argument or opinion
to make clear - to explain so that there can be no possibility of misunderstanding
a matter of fact - something known or proved, or believed by the speaker, to be true or correct [matter-of-fact]
to point out - to show or indicate; to make clear; to emphasise
to put the record straight - to put right any misunderstandings; to correct any false ideas by giving the true facts
to (be) take(n) aback - to (be) cause(d) a feeling of surprise or astonishment, often also with disappointment or dismay
to take the long view - to form a decision or opinion based not only on the present position but also taking into account long-term developments
to take the view (that) - to have or be of the opinion (that)
to talk over (with) - to discuss or consider fully, in all its aspects

20 DEVELOPING IDEAS AND ARGUMENTS
as we have seen - as has already been shown, proved or demonstrated
as well (as) - too; also; in addition (to)
to begin (or start) with - at first; first of all; at the beginning
by the same token - for the same reason; as a logical extension of the same argument
by the way - changing the subject, incidentally, in passing
in addition (to) - also; besides; over and above; too [same as as well (as)]
in other words - saying the same thing in a different way; to summarise [also that is to say]
in passing - incidentally; by the way; another important matter (not directly connected with what I am saying) is
in the first place - first of all; for a start; as a first step; before anything else is said or done; in the first instance; to start with; to begin with; first and foremost
in the same way - similarly; likewise; by the same token
to put it (differently) - to say or explain smth (in a different way)
what is more - in addition especially; this is (even more) important

21 DISAGREEMENT AND CRITICISM
as far as (it) goes - within certain limited incomplete or imperfect bounds
at cross purposes - having a difference of opinions, wishes or objectives, leading to confusion
to be beside the point - to have no connection with what is being discussed; to be irrelevant
(a) credibility gap - the difference or distance between what one is able, or willing, to believe and what one is asked to believe; the extent of disbelief
to have doubts about - to have a negative or uncertain reaction or feeling about
(a) matter of opinion - smth not known or proved to be true or correct; smth not believed by the speaker
on the contrary - in total contrast (to what has just been said), completely in opposition or reverse
out of the question - not a possibility [also there is no (not any) question of]
to pass the buck - to try to avoid blame or responsibility by blaming someone or smth else [buckpassing]
to shift the blame (or responsibility) (onto) - to try to transfer the weight or focus of blame or responsibility, misdirecting it from where it belongs, in order to avoid it [also to put the blame on] [same as to pass the buck]
to split hairs - to disagree or argue over smth unimportant [hairsplitting]
up to a point - partly; to same extent
(a) value judgement - an opinion or decision based on personal feelings, subjectivity or wishful thinking and not on fact, knowledge, reason or objectivity

22 CONDITIONS
as long as - if the situation exists that, provided that, but only if
in case - if it happens that; in order to be ready for
it (or that) depends (on) - maybe; perhaps; (I) haven't decided yet, and anyway there could be conditions; it is very uncertain
it (or that) remains to be seen - it is not yet known or decided (whether)
on condition that - (yes) but only if; (yes) but (in exchange) there is a special requirement that; on the understanding that

23 LOGIC AND REASON
to account for - to explain; to give a full or satisfactory answer for
common sense - natural intelligence and understanding (not what is learned or taught)
to hold water - to pass or be able to pass testing or exam; to be sound
to make sense - to be logical; to have meaning; to be correct or capable of being understood
to prove (the) case (or point) - to show that an opinion or argument is correct or true
to tie in (with) - to match; to correspond with; to fit (or to make or cause to fit); to corroborate; to coordinate

24 BALANCING ARGUMENTS
either way - this is the single or inevitable result whatever happens or is done (or whether it is true or not) [also one way or the other]
for (and) against - in agreement with and contrary to
on balance - after considering all positive and negative features; all things considered; taking into account all factors for and against
on the one hand� on the other (hand) - in contrast
(the) pros and cons - the positive and negative aspects, features, factors or arguments
to take into account (or consideration) - to include as one of the important factors or things connected with a question, calculation or situation [also to take account of]
to weigh up - to form an opinion or reach a conclusion by analyzing and assessing information

25 STEPS TO UNDERSTANDING
at first sight - apparently at first; when seen for the first time [also at first glance]
at a glance - by looking quickly
to be in the dark - to not know; to be without information [note: to keep in the dark means to deliberately make sure (someone) does not know]
to be in the picture - to know; to have information [note: to put in the picture means to give information; to keep in the picture means to keep informed]
crystal clear - clear beyond any doubt; without possibility of misunderstanding
(a) first impression - first feeling, or initial reaction, caused as a result of a new experience or situation
to leave open - to delay a decision or conclusion until after further discussion or action
on the face of it - apparently (but not necessarily); as seems at first (and on the limited information available) to be true
on second thoughts - after giving the matter further consideration [also on reflection]
on the surface - upon looking at what can be seen from the outside, superficially
(a) second opinion - an opinion (usually expert) from someone not directly involved in a matter, where there is doubt or disagreement between those directly involved
to see the light - to change from a wrong or mistaken belief, intention or course of action; to realize that one has been wrong
to see reason - to be persuaded by fair or logical argument
to sleep on it - to take a short time (until the next day) to think smth over before coming to a decision (informal)
to throw light on - to give a reason or explanation for smth which is not clear or apparent, to enable understanding [also to shed light on]
wise after the event - to realize, after smth has happened, what should (or should not) have been done before it happened
with hindsight - with the help of an understanding of events which is only possible after they have happened

26 SUMMARISING
all in all - taking everything into account and weighing it up; summarizing by comparing the positive and negative factors
(a) bare outline - a short description; a few words giving only the most important facts [also (the) bare bones]
in brief - briefly; to summarise; in a word; in other words [also in short]
in effect - not in itself or directly, but in reality; in its actual meaning, effect or result; in practice; for all practical purposes
in essence - basically; fundamentally; as to only the central or most important facts or circumstances
in a nutshell - briefly; to summarise in a few words
in a word - briefly; in short; to summarise [same as in other words; in brief]
the long and the short of it - to summarise the main, basic or essential facts or result
that is (to say) - in other words; put differently

27 STEPS TO COMPROMISE AND AGREEMENT
to agree on - to reach or make agreement about
to agree to - to accept
to agree with - to have the same opinion as; to come to the same conclusion as
to be in line with - to be in conformity or agreement with
common ground - a shared area of agreement or understanding; an overlap of aims or interests
to compromise (with) (over) - to reach agreement by modifying or reducing one's stated objectives
to do business (with) - to trade or negotiate with a view to making money
to draw up - to arrange, prepare, draft or compose a written document
give and take - to make compromises or an exchange of concessions so that everyone gains or loses to the same extent
to go along with - to share the same opinion as; to be or act in agreement with
in agreement (with) - showing or having a shared opinion or conclusion
in so far as - to the degree, extent or amount that; in the sense that
to make (or do) a deal (with) - to reach a business or commercial agreement
to meet (someone) half day - to compromise by a reduction in one's own demands, in return for a corresponding concession
off the record - unofficially; not for the record; in confidence; not to be repeated, used or relied on in any way
on (these) line(s) - in this way; according to or by following this method, procedure, formula or pattern [also along (these) lines]
on (these) terms - in line with conditions or arrangements proposed or imposed
other things being equal - only if other factors, conditions or circumstances (not directly being discussed) remain unchanged
to see eye to eye (with) - to agree, compromise or cooperate by first appreciating the other's thoughts and needs
to settle (one's) differences - to reach agreement or compromise on points or areas of disagreement in a discussion or relationship, so that only agreement remains
to smooth out - to remove problems or difficulties by discussing or action; to sort out; to put right [also to iron out; to straighten out]
to take note of - to note, record or consider (when deciding or taking action) smth which is indirectly connected, but which is not a factor to be taken into account
to take (the) point - to understand a reason, argument or point of view, but not necessarily to agree with it (also to see the point)
to think over - to summarise mentally in order to decide one's present attitude or position with a view to future actions or decisions
to thrash out - to solve or to overcome a problem (or to reach a solution) by frank discussion [informal]
what if�? - suppose�?
without prejudice (to) - without reducing any existing right or withdrawing any existing claim, but in an effort to reach a compromise

28 REASONS FOR DECISIONS
the acid test - the most effective and essential test of a quality
to base on - to use as a basis; ground or system of reasoning
in (or under) the circumstances - in this particular situation; because of (special) conditions or influences
in that case - because of that; that being so; since that is the reality of the situation
in the final analysis - from a process of logic, it can ultimately be seen; when all the facts have been examined it is clear
in the light (of) - according to; in relation to; when seen in relation to the following evidence; what is now clear (from) [note: in a new light means in a different, flesh way (of seeing, knowing or understanding)]
in view of - taking into account; considering; because of
on the basis (of) - using smth as a test or justification for reaching a conclusion; in accordance with a certain standard; in conformity with some requirement
on the ground(s) of (or that) - for the following reason(s); for the reason that; because of the fact or belief that [same as on the basis of]